Sunday, December 29, 2019

William Golding s Lord Of The Flies - 2159 Words

Friedrich Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals offers an account of the historical development of morals and values from their earliest origin in the basic forms of human social interaction. More specifically, Nietzsche’s account theorizes about the origins of power and ethics and their implications on society. William Golding’s Lord of Flies exemplifies Nietzsche’s fundamental beliefs concerning power and ethics through the distinct characters and their power struggles on the island. In an absence of civilization and social controls, true nature is revealed through the characters in the novel and the power struggles that develop on the island. Similarly to Nietzsche’s beliefs, Golding uses the plot of Lord of the Flies as â€Å"an attempt to trace†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Nietzsche argues that anything that has existed for any length of time has been given different meanings and interpretations by different powers that master and subd ue it. For this reason, if something has a purpose, it is a sign that a â€Å"will to power† is acting upon it. Concepts do not have an inherent purpose, but rather different forces construct their purpose through the intrinsic drive to dominate. More specifically, â€Å"the cause of the origin of a thing and its eventual utility, its actual employment and place in a system of purposes, lie worlds apart; whatever exists, having somehow come into being, is again and again reinterpreted to new ends, taken over, transformed, and redirected by some power superior to it†(Nietzsche 77). Nietzsche’s claim is that the will to power is the fundamental drive that influences all things. This idea is exemplified through the concept of punishment and Nietzsche contends, â€Å"Thus one also imagined that punishment was devised for punishing. But purposes and utilities are only signs that a will to power has become a master of something less powerful and imposed upon it the character of a function; and the entire history of a â€Å"thing,† an organ, a custom can in this way be a continuous sign-chain of ever new interpretations and adaptations whose causes do not even have to be related to one another†(Nietzsche 77). This example illustrates that while the act of punishing has always been

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Biological Model and...

Developmental theories embody perspectives about environmental forces and human essence that build a path of human development. Developmental psychopathology theories embody these perspectives as well, and the information from ‘normal’ and ‘pathological’ human life courses enlighten current models of development (Davies Bhugra, 2004). Thus, for instance, the healthy child and the biological model both agree that certain predetermined behavioural pattern may be impervious to environmental forces. Similarly, knowledge about relapse to previous patterns of behaviour necessitates the re-evaluation of the idea that every process of development is a change and; that every previous pattern of behaviour is transformed into entirely new one†¦show more content†¦The biological model distinguishes several of the studies in the genetics of psychological disorder (Joseph, 2006). At this point, environmental factors, or the interface between them and the genes, serve hardly any function in the possible result. For instance, Kallman’s (1946 as cited in Joseph, 2006, 237) study on the genetic aspect of schizophrenia reinforces the application of the biological model, just like the presence or absence of specific substances on depression (ibid, p. 237). In all of these instances, the presence of specific attributes is presumed likely to influence a specific form of pathology. Even though the biological model is remarkable in its straightforwardness, it still has several limitations; for instance, not every individual who has a genetic indicator at a specific point in time is expected to display consequent psychopathology or a similar form of psychopathology (Miller Mason, 2002). For example the case that every child of schizophrenic parents does not develop schizophrenia, or that not every monozygotic twin exhibits similarity in relation to schizophrenia indicates that other factors have to be taken into account. It is vital to emphasise that the failure to come across a significant prevalence of schizophrenic children of schizophrenic parents suggest that factors such as immunity, coping approaches, and invulnerability to stress, are protective factorsShow MoreRelatedOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagescognitive deficit might account for the persistence of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and Chapters 5 through 7 discuss current theories and research that are the basis of contemporary CBT for OCD. Chapter 7 presents an expanded cognitive-behavioral model that might provide a more complete account of obsessional phenomena. This new formulation of obsessions emphasizes the importance of faulty secondary appraisals of mental control, as well as the erroneous primary appraisals of the obsession itself

Friday, December 13, 2019

Is Global Peace an Illusion Free Essays

Q. 6 Over several centuries, the collaborative goal of the world has been to attain the harmony, understanding and interdependent relationships between nations that brings peace, security and stability to the world. However, although global peace is attainable, much collaborative effort is needed to turn global peace into a reality, instead of living in a world of deception where global peace is merely a false belief. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Global Peace an Illusion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, the world aims to attain global peace via international efforts and individual contributions, to counter the problems that prevents global peace of being attained, such as due to the lack of understanding and collaboration between nations, as well as due to selfish demands and the lack of initiative from individuals to make it work. Some people may think that global peace is simply too good to be true due to the lack of collaboration and understanding between nations. As the people of different nations have their own set of ideologies and beliefs, this leads to conflicting ideologies between nations which could spark an international dispute such as in the case of the cold war which occurred between the United States of America which practiced capitalism, as well as the Soviet Union which practiced communism. This vast difference in belief thus led to conflicts between the nations, which sparked feelings of hatred and resentment between the people of the two nations. This prevented the success of efforts to call for further global peace. Additionally, differing interests of the nation could lead to violence, as well as terrorism, such as in the case of the Bali Bombings in 2005 which involved a terrorist group, Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) of Al Qaeda. They bombed specific tourist sites in Bali to display their displeasure towards people of another nation, as well as to rebel against the newly adopted democratic practice. This led to great instability within the country, as well as many people from around the world to feel dubious about the Indonesians in general. This led to an even greater segregation as well as isolation of the Malay race and Muslim religion as they were thought to be terrorists, deterring the progress of the world to achieve global peace and harmony. Secondly, the lack of individual initiative to push for greater global peace leads to the inefficiency of the world to achieve global peace. As individuals make up the largest percentage of the country, they have arguably the most influence to ensure that efforts to achieve global peace are successful. Hence, individuals are the key driving force for the achievement of global peace, and not relying solely on governmental efforts. However, as many individuals are simply pushing the responsibility to the government, global peace cannot be achieved However, commendable efforts have been made by international organizations (IGOs) and governments to make global peace a reality, which includes international governmental organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Such organizations aim to promote regional and international peace and stability, and to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance between countries which would foster stronger bonds, thus promoting harmony between nations. An example is when the UN started the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to alleviate income inequality between nations to prevent conflict between nations due to growing income disparity between the rich and the poor. On 1 December 2000, the United Nations General Assembly also adopted a resolution on the role of diamonds in fuelling conflict, breaking the link between the illicit transaction of rough diamonds and armed conflict, as a contribution to prevention and settlement of conflicts. The ASEAN-Korea Summit in 2009 also contributed to greater understanding between the countries involved, and thus helped to bridge differences. Hence, international efforts by IGOs, along with the cooperation from respective governments, are able to pave the way towards attaining global peace and harmony by promoting mutual understanding between nations which would promote the forging of strong bonds between the nations, instead of conflicts due to differences in beliefs. In conclusion, although global peace is able to be attained, it is not able to be sustained for a long period of time. Global peace is also not able to be achieved universally as efforts to call for peace are inadequate as lack sufficient support from the people in the world. Thus, the ephemeral nature of peace inevitably causes global peace to be nothing but a false belief, seemingly attainable yet out of reach. How to cite Is Global Peace an Illusion, Essay examples